Affiliation:
1. a Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2. b State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The printing and dyeing industry globally faces a critical challenge with wastewater generation and disposal, posing significant risks to public health and the environment due to hazardous reactive dyes. Various physical, chemical, and biological processes are used for treating this wastewater. While chemical treatments effectively address dye-related issues, proper disposal of resulting chemical waste remains problematic. Physical treatments struggle with complex chemical compounds, and biological processes using microorganisms show promise but are heavily influenced by operating conditions. Single treatments have limitations, thus necessitating the exploration of hybrid techniques. Among chemical techniques, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are promising due to their simplicity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, but further research is needed. The review analyzes pollutants at each stage of the industry, addressing the environmental impact of reactive dyes and highlighting treatment methods, their advantages, and disadvantages. Research into hybrid techniques and sustained exploration of AOPs are crucial steps toward sustainable solutions in managing wastewater challenges in the industry.