The sequence Pro295–Thr311 of the hinge region of oestrogen receptor α is involved in ERK1/2 activation via GPR30 in leiomyoma cells

Abstract

The ERα (oestrogen receptor α)-derived peptide ERα17p activates rapid signalling events in breast carcinoma cells under steroid-deprived conditions. In the present study, we investigated its effects in ELT3 leiomyoma cells under similar conditions. We show that it activates ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2), the Gαi protein, the trans-activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and, finally, cell proliferation. It is partially internalized in cells and induces membrane translocation of β-arrestins. The activation of ERK1/2 is abolished by the GPR30 (G-protein-coupled receptor 30) antagonist G15 and GPR30 siRNA. When ERα is down-regulated by prolonged treatment with E2 (oestradiol) or specific ERα siRNA, the peptide response is blunted. Thus the simultaneous presence of GPR30 and ERα is required for the action of ERα17p. In addition, its PLM sequence, which interferes with the formation of the ERα–calmodulin complex, appears to be requisite for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cell proliferation. Hence ERα17p is, to our knowledge, the first known peptide targeting ERα–GPR30 membrane cross-talk and the subsequent receptor-mediated biological effects.