Familial Melanoma Phenotype With Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C (XP-C) Genotype - The Putative Role of MC1R Polymorphism as Modifier
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Published:2024-01-31
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Volume:
Page:e2024050
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ISSN:2160-9381
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Container-title:Dermatology Practical & Conceptual
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language:
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Short-container-title:Dermatol Pract Concept
Author:
Leidenz Franciele Antonieta Bianchi,Bittencourt Flavia Vasques,Braga Williana Garcia,Araujo Ellio Magno de Sá,Gomes Carolina Cavalieri,Bernardes Vanessa de Fatima,Friedman Eitan,De Marco Luiz
Abstract
Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare inherited condition, hallmarked by extreme sensitivity to sun exposure resulting in multiple skin cancers and non-malignant skin alterations is attributed to homozygous inactivating pathogenic variants (PVs) in DNA repair genes, predominantly the XPC gene.
Objectives: Report a unique phenotypic expression of mutant XPC allele that may be compatible with a putative modifier role for MC1R polymorphism.
Methods: A family of 13 siblings, seven of whom were diagnosed with at least one cutaneous melanoma (N = 53) and non-melanoma skin cancers (N = 9) was studied. Of seven melanoma-affected cases, five consented for genetic analysis. CDKN2A revealed no PV in any case and subsequent whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a rare homozygous missense PV (c.919C>T; p.Arg307Trp) in exon 8 of the XPC gene in all affected individuals. Notably, XPC PV carriers who co-harbored the p.I155T MC1R variant (N = 3) exhibited larger number of tumors, deeper Breslow indexes, higher rates of invasive melanomas and earlier age at diagnosis compared with non MC1R variant carriers (N = 2).
Conclusions: Familial malignant melanoma phenotype may, in fact, be an unusual clinical presentation of XPC, and MC1R may be a genetic modifier of penetrance and phenotype of mutant XPC alleles.