1. Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
2. Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
3. Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
5. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
6. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania