1. Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2. Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3. Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
4. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
5. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
7. Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
8. Division of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
9. Department of Emergency Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
10. Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
11. Department of Anesthesia, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC
12. Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC
13. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
14. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, and School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania