Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With COVID-19, Severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults
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Published:2023-07-13
Issue:7
Volume:6
Page:e2323349
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ISSN:2574-3805
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Container-title:JAMA Network Open
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JAMA Netw Open
Author:
Theodore Deborah A.1, Branche Angela R.2, Zhang Lily3, Graciaa Daniel S.4, Choudhary Madhu5, Hatlen Timothy J.6, Osman Raadhiya7, Babu Tara M.8, Robinson Samuel T.3, Gilbert Peter B.39, Follmann Dean10, Janes Holly39, Kublin James G.3, Baden Lindsey R.11, Goepfert Paul12, Gray Glenda E.1314, Grinsztejn Beatriz15, Kotloff Karen L.1617, Gay Cynthia L.18, Leav Brett19, Miller Jacqueline19, Hirsch Ian20, Sadoff Jerald21, Dunkle Lisa M.22, Neuzil Kathleen M.17, Corey Lawrence323, Falsey Ann R.2, El Sahly Hana M.2425, Sobieszczyk Magdalena E.1, Huang Yunda326, Adams Atoya27, Miller Eric27, Rankin Bruce G.27, Shinn Steven27, Nash Marshall27, Green Sinikka L.27, Jacobsen Colleen27, Krishnankutty Jayasree27, Phungwayo Sikhongi27, Glover Richard M.27, Slechta Stacy27, Holdeman Troy27, Hartvickson Robyn27, Grant Amber27, Poling Terry L.27, Klein Terry D.27, Klein Thomas C.27, Klein Tracy R.27, Smith William B.27, Gibson Richard L.27, Winbigler Jennifer27, Parker Elizabeth27, Wijewardane Priyantha N.27, Bravo Eric27, Thessing Jeffrey27, Maxwell Michelle27, Horn Amanda27, Mary Healy Catherine27, Akamine Christine27, Chu Laurence27, Chouteau R. Michelle27, Cotugno Michael J.27, Bauer George H.27, Hachigian Greg27, Oshita Masaru27, Cancilla Michael27, Kiersey Kristen27, Seger William27, Antwi Mohammed27, Green Allison27, Kim Anthony27, Desjardins Michael27, Johnson Jennifer A.27, Sherman Amy27, Walsh Stephen R.27, Borger Judith27, Saleem Nafisa27, Solis Joel27, Carmen Medina Martha27, Keating Westly27, Garcia Edgar27, Bueno Cynthia27, Segall Nathan27, Denham Douglas S.27, Weiss Thomas27, Avworo Ayoade27, Hedges Parke27, Becher Strout Cynthia27, Santiago Rica27, Davis Yvonne27, Howenstine Patty27, Bondell Alison27, Marks Kristin27, Wang Tina27, Wilkin Timothy27, Vogler Mary27, Johnston Carrie27, Andrasik Michele P.27, Andriesen Jessica G.27, Broder Gail27, Eaton Niles27, Gelderblom Huub G.27, McClennen Rachael27, Michael Nelson27, Robb Merlin27, Sopher Carrie27, Miller Vicki E.27, Santiago Fredric27, Gomez Blanca27, Valika Insiya27, Starr Amy27, Cantos Valeria D.27, Kandiah Sheetal27, del Rio Carlos27, Rouphael Nadine27, Edupuganti Srilatha27, Anderson Evan J.27, Camacho-Gonzalez Andres27, Kamidani Satoshi27, Rostad Christiana A.27, Teherani Meghan27, Diemert David J.27, Malkin Elissa27, Siegel Marc27, Roberts Afsoon27, Simon Gary27, Balani Bindu27, Stephenson Carolene27, Sperber Steven27, Cicogna Cristina27, Zervos Marcus J.27, Kilgore Paul27, Ramesh Mayur27, Herc Erica27, Zenlea Kate27, Burgher Abram27, Milliken Ann M.27, Davis Joseph D.27, Levy Brendan27, Kelman Sandra27, Doust Matthew W.27, Sample Denise27, Erickson Sandra27, Christensen Shane G.27, Matich Christopher27, Longe James27, Witbeck John27, Peterson James T.27, Clark Alexander27, Kelty Gerald27, Pena-Renteria Issac27, Koren Michael J.27, Bartilucci Darlene27, Patel Alpa27, Tran Carolyn27, Kennelly Christina27, Brownlee Robert27, Coleman Jacob27, Webster Hala27, Fierro Carlos A.27, Leistner Natalia27, Thompson Amy27, Gonzalez Celia27, Jackson Lisa A27, Suyehira Janice27, Haber Milton27, Regalado Maria M.27, Procasky Veronica27, Lutat Alisha27, Griffin Carl P.27, Hollister Ripley R.27, Brown Jeremy27, Ronk Melody27, Harper Wayne L.27, Cohen Lisa27, Eckert Lynn27, Hong Matthew27, Rouhbakhsh Rambod27, Danford Elizabeth27, Johnson John27, Calderone Richard27, Khetan Shishir K.27, Olanrewaju Oyebisi27, Zhai Nan27, Nieves Kimberly27, O'Brien Allison27, Bradley Paul S27, Lilienthal Amanda27, Callis Jim27, Brosz Adam B27, Clement Andrea27, West Whitney27, Friesen Luke27, Cramer Paul27, Eder Frank S27, Little Ryan27, Engler Victoria27, Rattenbury-Shaw Heather27, Ensz David J.27, Oplinger Allie27, Essink Brandon J.27, Meyer Jay27, Raiser Frederick27, Mueller Kimberly27, Vrbicky Keith W.27, Harper Charles27, Nutsch Chelsie27, Lewis Wendell27, Laflan Cathy27, Whatley Jordan L.27, Harrell Nicole27, Shannon Amie27, Rowell Crystal27, Dedon Christopher27, Makhene Mamodikoe27, Gottschlich Gregory M.27, Harden Kate27, Gottschlich Melissa27, Smith Mary27, Powell Richard27, Kimmel Murray A.27, Pinto Simmy27, Vachris Timothy P.27, Hutchens Mark27, Daniels Stephen27, Wells Margaret27, Van Der Leden Mimi27, Jackson-Booth Peta-Gay27, Baron Mira27, Kane Pamela27, Seversen Shannen27, Kryvicky Mara27, Lord Julia27, Saleh Jamshid27, Miles Matthew27, Lupercio Rafael27, McGettigan John W.27, Patton Walter27, Brakema Riemke27, Choquette Karin27, McGettigan Jonlyn27, Kirstein Judith L.27, Bernard Marcia27, Manning Mary Beth27, Rothenberg Joan27, Briskin Toby27, Roadman Denise27, Tedder-Edwards Sharita27, Schwartz Howard I.27, Mederos Surisday27, Swaminathan Shobha27, Nyaku Amesika27, Varughese Tilly27, DallaPiazza Michelle27, Frey Sharon E.27, Graham Irene27, Abate Getahun27, Hoft Daniel27, Allen Leland N.27, Edwards Leslie A.27, Davis William S.27, Mena Jessica M.27, Kutner Mark E.27, Caso Jorge27, Hernandez Moran Maria27, Carvajal Marianela27, Mendez Janet27, Wadsworth Larkin T.27, Adams Michael R.27, Iverson Leslie27, Newberg Joseph L.27, Pearlman Laura27, Nugent Paul J.27, Reynolds Michele D.27, Bashour Jennifer27, Schmidt Robert27, Sheth Neil P.27, Steil Kenneth27, Toma Ramy J.27, Kirby William27, Folmar Pink27, Williams Samantha27, Pickrell Paul27, Mott Stefanie27, Linebarger Carol Ann27, Malbari Hussain27, Pampe David27, Fragoso Veronica G.27, Holloway Lisa27, McKeown-Bragas Cecilia27, Becker Teresa27, Williams Barton G.27, Jones William H.27, Clark Jesse L.27, Shoptaw Steven27, Vertucci Michele27, Hernandez Will27, Spector Stephen A.27, Moodley Amaran27, Blumenthal Jill27, Stangl Lisa27, Deutsch Karen27, Mullane Kathleen M.27, Pitrak David27, Nuss Cheryl27, Pi Judy27, Fichtenbaum Carl27, Powers-Fletcher Margaret27, Saemann Michelle27, Kohrs Sharon27, Campbell Thomas B.27, Lauria Andrew27, Mancilla Jose C.27, Dunlevy Hillary27, Novak Richard M.27, Wendrow Andrea27, Borgetti Scott27, Ladner Ben27, Laurens Matthew27, Chrisley Lisa27, Young Cheryl27, Doblecki-Lewis Susanne27, Alcaide Maria L.27, Gonzales-Zamora Jose27, Morris Stephen27, Wohl David27, Eron Joseph27, Frank Ian27, Dunbar Debora27, Metzger David27, Momplaisir Florence27, Martin Judith27, Hoberman Alejandro27, Shope Timothy27, Muniz Gysella27, Rupp Richard27, Stanford Amber27, Berman Megan27, Porterfield Laura27, Lewis Michael27, Ghadishah Elham27, Yusin Joseph27, Pham Mai27, Creech Clarence B.27, Walker Shannon27, Rolsma Stephanie27, Samuels Robert27, Thomsen Isaac27, Kalams Spyros A.27, Wilson Greg27, Lucksinger Gregg H.27, Parks Kevin27, Israelsen Ryan27, Ostovar Jaleh27, Kelly Kary27, Overcash Jeffrey S.27, Chu Hanh27, Lee Kia27, De La Cruz Luis I.27, Clemons Steve27, Everette Elizabeth27, Studdard Suzanna27, Mohan Gowdhami27, Tyson Stefanie27, Peay Alyssa-Kay27, Johnson Danyel27, Feldman Gregory J.27, Suen May-Yin27, Muenzner Jacqueline27, Boscia Joseph27, Siddiqui Farhan27, Sanders John27, Peacock James27, Nasim Julio27, Levin Michael L.27, Hussey Julie27, Kulic Marcy27, McKenzie Mark M.27, Deese Teresa27, Osmundsen Erica27, Sweet Christy27, Ebuh Valentine M.27, Elnagar Elwaleed27, Ebuh Georgette27, Iwuala Genevieve27, Han-Conrad Laurie J.27, Simmons Todd27, Tarakjian Denis27, Ackermann Jeremy27, Adams Mark S.27, Alemán José O.27, Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.27, Andes David R.27, Andrews Jeb27, Arduino Roberto C.27, Bäcker Martín27, Badillo Diana27, Bainbridge Emma27, Batteiger Teresa A.27, Bazan Jose A.27, Bedimo Roger J.27, Benitez Jorge A.27, Bennett Annette R.27, Bernstein David I.27, Bialobok Kristin27, Boas Rebecca27, Brady Judith27, Brown Cynthia27, Bunce Catherine A.27, Call Robert S.27, Campbell Wesley27, Carmody Ellie27, Carpenter Christopher27, Carsons Steven E.27, Castellon Marvin27, Castro Mario27, Catan Hannah27, Chang Jennifer27, Chebib Mouna G.27, Chen Corey M.27, Cheng Margaret27, Chow Brian D. W.27, Ciambruschini Annie27, Connor Joseph P.27, Conway James H.27, Cooney Maureen27, Curlin Marcel27, De La Matta Rodriguez Claudia27, Dedon Jon F.27, Degan Emily27, Dickey Michelle27, Dietz Craig27, Dong Jennifer L27, Dorcely Brenda27, Dube Michael P.27, Dyer Carmel B.27, Eckhardt Benjamin27, Ellerbeck Edward27, Ewers Evan C.27, Falk Amy27, Feijoo Brittany27, Felsen Uriel R.27, Fiel Tom27, Fitz-Patrick David27, Fogarty Charles M.27, Ford Stacy27, Forero Lina M.27, Formentini Elizabeth27, Franco-Vitteri Doris27, Frenck Robert W.27, Gharib Elie27, Gharib Suzanne27, Rucker Rola G.27, Goldenberg James N.27, González Luis H.27, Gray Brett27, Greene Rusty27, Grossberg Robert M.27, Guanira-Carranza Juan V.27, Gilberto Guerreros Benavides Alfredo27, Guillory Clint C.27, Gunaratne Shauna H.27, Halpert David27, Hamilton Holli27, Hartman William R.27, Henderson Sheryl L.27, Herati Ramin27, Hernandez Guarin Laura27, Hilder Robin27, Ho Ken27, Hojat Leila27, Hosek Sybil G.27, Jacobson Jeffrey M.27, Jay Melanie27, Johnson Diane H.27, Jones Kathleen S.27, Jones-López Edward C.27, Justman Jessica E.27, Kahney Scott27, Katz Lois27, Katz Melinda27, Kaul Daniel27, Keefer Michael C.27, Kennedy Ashley27, Knishinsky Jennifer27, Kogelman Laura27, Koletar Susan L.27, Kottkamp Angelica27, Laguio-Vila Maryrose27, Landovitz Raphael J.27, Lee Jessica L.27, Liu Albert27, Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra Eneyda27, Lok Anna S.27, Lovell James27, Lubelchek Ronald27, Lucaj John27, Luckasen Gary27, Luetkemeyer Annie27, Lucia Lugogo Njira27, Maenza Janine27, Malvestutto Carlos27, Mauri Monica27, Maves Ryan C.27, Mayer Kenneth H.27, McCartney Michael J.27, McCort Margaret E.27, McElrath M. Juliana27, McNairy Meredith27, Merino Fernando L.27, Meyerowitz Eric A.27, Mitchell Carol L.27, Monaco Cynthia L.27, Muhammad Sauda27, Muñoz-Gómez Sigridh27, Munsiff Sonal27, Nee Paul27, Nollen Nicole L.27, Noor Asif27, Nuñez Lagos Claudio27, Okulicz Jason F.27, Oliver Patrick A.27, Ortega Jessica27, Palmer Steven27, Parameswaran Lalitha27, Parikh Purvi27, Parker Susan27, Parungao Reza27, Pavie Juana R.27, Madan Rebecca P.27, Peralta Henry27, Petts Jennifer27, Pierce Kristen K.27, Pretell Alva E. Javier27, Purpura Lawrence J.27, Raabe Vanessa27, Recuenco Sergio E.27, Richards Tamara27, Riddler Sharon A.27, Rizzardi Barbara27, Rokser Rachel27, Rolle Charlotte-Paige27, Rosen Adam27, Rosen Jeffrey27, Freese Lena R.27, Santolaya María E.27, Schipani Linda M.27, Schwartz Adam27, Schwasinger-Schmidt Tiffany27, Scott Hyman27, Sha Beverly E.27, Shankaran Shivanjali27, Shapiro Adrienne E.27, Sharp Stephan C.27, Shopsin Bo27, Sims Matthew D.27, Skipper Stephanie27, Smith Derek M.27, Smith Michael J.27, Sobhanie M. Mahdee27, Sovic Brit27, Sterling Stephanie27, Striker Robert27, Tafur Bances Karla Beatriz27, Talaat Kawsar R.27, Tavel Edward M.27, Tieu Hong V27, Tomaszewski Christian27, Tomlinson Ryan27, Torres Juan P.27, Torres Julian A.27, Treanor John J27, Tukuru Sade27, Ulrich Robert J.27, Utz Gregory C.27, Viar Veronica27, Viau Colindres Roberto A.27, Walsh Edward E.27, Walsh Mary C.27, Walter Emmanuel B.27, Weidler Jessica L.27, Wu Yi H.27, Yang Kinara S.27, Yrivarren Giorza Juan Luis27, Zemanek Arthur L.27, Zhang Kevin27, Zingman Barry S.27, Gorman Richard27, Paez Carmen A.27, Swann Edith27, Takuva Simbarashe G.27, Greninger Alex27, Roychoudhury Pavitra27, Coombs Robert W.27, Jerome Keith R.27, Castellino Flora27, Tong Xiaomi27, Pavetto Corrina27, Gipson Teletha27, Tong Tina27, Lee Marina27, Zhou James27, Fay Michael27, McQuarrie Kelly27, Nnadi Chimeremma27, Sogbetun Obiageli27, Ahmad Nina27, De Proost Ian27, Hoseyni Cyrus27, Coplan Paul27, Khan Najat27, Ronco Peter27, Furey Dawn27, Meck Jodi27, Vingerhoets Johan27, Brandenburg Boerries27, Custers Jerome27, Hendriks Jenny27, Juraszek Jarek27, de Groot Anne Marit27, Van Roey Griet27, Heerwegh Dirk27, Van Dromme Ilse27, Méndez Galván Jorge F.27, Carrascal Monica B.27, Sordo Duran Adriana27, Sanchez Guerrero Laura Ruy27, Gómora Madrid Martha Cecilia27, Barrat Hernández Alejandro Quintín27, Molina Guizar Sharzhaad27, González Estrada Denisse Alejandra27, Martínez Pérez Silvano Omar27, Zárate Hinojosa Zindy Yazmín27, Ruiz-Palacios Guillermo Miguel27, Cruz-Valdez Aurelio27, Pacheco-Flores Janeth27, Lara Anyela27, Díaz-Miralrio Secia27, Reyes Fentanes María José27, Olmos Vega Jocelyn Zuleica27, Pineda Méndez Daniela27, Cano Martínez Karina27, Alvarez León Winniberg Stephany27, Ruiz Herrera Vida Veronica27, Vázquez Saldaña Eduardo Gabriel27, Camacho Choza Laura Julia27, Vega Orozco Karen Sofia27, Ortega Domínguez Sandra Janeth27, Chacón Jorge A.27, Rivera Juan J.27, Cutz Erika A.27, Ortegón Maricruz E.27, Rivera María I.27, Browder David27, Burch Cortney27, Moye Terri27, Bondy Paul27, Browder Lesley27, Manning Rickey D.27, Hurst James W.27, Sturgeon Rodney E.27, Wakefield Paul H.27, Kirby John A.27, Andersen James27, Fearon Szheckera27, Negron Rosa27, Medina Amy27, Hill John M.27, Rajasekhar Vivek27, Williams Hayes27, Cade LaShondra27, Fouts Rhodna27, Moya Connie27, Anderson Corey G.27, Devine Naomi27, Ramsey James27, Perez Ashley27, Tatelbaum David27, Jacobs Michael27, Menasche Kathleen27, Mirkil Vincent27, Winkle Peter J.27, Haggag Amina Z.27, Haynes Michelle27, Villegas Marysol27, Raja Sabina27, Riesenberg Robert27, Plavin Stanford27, Lerman Mark27, Woodside Leana27, Johnson Maria27, Healy C. Mary27, Whitaker Jennifer A.27, Keitel Wendy A.27, Atmar Robert L.27, Horwith Gary27, Mason Robin27, Johnson Lisa27, Dora Tambra27, Murray Deborah27, Ledbetter Logan27, Ewing Beverly27, Stephenson Kathryn E.27, Tan Chen S.27, Zash Rebecca27, Ansel Jessica L.27, Jaegle Kate27, Guiney Caitlin J.27, Henderson Jeffrey A.27, O'Leary Marcia27, Enright Kendra27, Kessler Jill27, Ducheneaux Pete27, Inniss Asha27, Brandon Donald M.27, Davis William B.27, Lawler Daniel T.27, Oppong Yaa D.27, Starr Ryan P.27, Syndergaard Scott N.27, Shelly Rozeli27, Islam Majumder Mashrur27, Sugimoto Danny27, Dugas Jeffrey27, Rijos Dolores27, Shelton Sandra27, Hong Stephan27, Schwartz Howard27, Sanchez-Crespo Nelia27, Schwartz Jennifer27, Piedra Terry27, Corral Barbara27, Medina Carmen27, Dever Michael E.27, Shah Mitul27, Delgado Michael27, Scott Tameika27, Usdan Lisa S.27, McGill Lora J.27, Arnold Valerie K.27, Scatamacchia Carolyn27, Anthony Codi M.27, Merchant Rajan27, Yoon Anelgine C.27, Hill Janet27, Ng-Price Lucy27, Thompson-Seim Teri27, Ackerman Ronald27, Ackerman Jamie27, Aristy Florida27, Ketter Nzeera27, Finley Jon27, Stull Mildred27, Murray Monica27, Rizvi Zainab27, Guerrero Sonia27, Paliwal Yogesh K.27, Paliwal Amit27, Gordon Sarah27, Gordon Bryan27, Montano-Pereira Cynthia27, Galloway Christopher27, Montros Candice27, Aleman Lily27, Shairi Samira27, Van Ever Wesley27, Freeman George H.27, Harmon Esther L.27, Cross Marshall A.27, Sales Kacie27, Gular Catherine Q.27, Hepburn Matthew27, Alderson Nathan27, Harshell Shana27, Mahgoub Siham27, Maxwell Celia27, Mellman Thomas27, Thompson Karl M.27, Wortman Glenn27, Kingsley Jeff27, Pixler April27, Curry LaKondria27, Afework Sarah27, Swanson Austin27, Jacqmein Jeffry27, Bowers Maggie27, Robison Dawn27, Mosteller Victoria27, Garvey Janet27, Easley Mary27, Kurnat Rebecca J.27, Cornelison Raymond27, Gower Shanda27, Schnitz William27, Heinzig-Cartwright Destiny S.27, Lewis Derek27, Newton Fred E.27, Duhart Aeiress27, Watkins Breanz27, Ball Brandy27, York Jill27, Pickle Shelby27, Musante David B.27, Silver William P.27, Belhorn Linda R.27, Viens Nicholas A.27, Dellaero David27, Patel Priti27, Lisec Kendra27, Safirstein Beth27, Zapata Luz27, Gonzalez Lazaro27, Quevedo Evelyn27, Irani Farah27, Grillo Joseph27, Potts Amy27, White Julie27, Flume Patrick27, Headden Gary27, Taylor Brandie27, Warden Ashley27, Chamberlain Amy27, Jeanfreau Robert27, Jeanfreau Susan27, Matherne Paul G.27, Caldwell Amy27, Stahl Jessica27, Vowell Mandy27, Newhouse Lauren27, Berthaud Vladimir27, Takizala Zudi-Mwak27, Beninati Genevieve27, Snell Kimberly27, Baker Sherrie27, Walker James27, Harrison Tavane27, Miller Meagan27, Otto Janet27, Gray Roni27, Wilson Christine27, Nemecek Tiffany27, Harrington Hannah27, Eppenbach Sally27, Lewis Wendell27, Bourgeois Tana27, Folsom Lyndsea27, Holt Gregory27, Mirsaeidi Mehdi27, Calderon Rafael27, Lichtenberger Paola27, Quintero Jalima27, Martinez Becky27, Immergluck Lilly27, Johnson Erica27, Chan Austin27, Fas Norberto27, Thomas-Seaton LaTeshia27, Khizer Saadia27, Staben Jonathan27, Beresnev Tatiana27, Jahromi Maryam27, Marovich Mary A.27, Hutter Julia27, Nason Martha27, Ledgerwood Julie27, Mascola John27, Leibowitz Mark27, Morales Fernanda27, Delgado Mike27, Sanchez Rosario27, Vega Norma27, Áñez Germán27, Albert Gary27, Coston Erin27, Desai Chinar27, Dunbar Haoua27, Eickhoff Mark27, Garcia Jenina27, Kautz Margaret27, Lee Angela27, Lewis Maggie27, McGarry Alice27, McKnight Irene27, Nelson Joy27, Newingham Patrick27, Price-Abbott Patty27, Reed Patty27, Vegas Diana27, Wilkinson Bethanie27, Smith Katherine27, Woo Wayne27, Cho Iksung27, Glenn Gregory M.27, Dubovsky Filip27, Fried David L.27, Haughey Lynne A.27, Stanton Ariana C.27, Stevens Rameaka Lisa27, Rosenberg David27, Tomatsu Lee27, Gonzalez Viviana27, Manalo Millie27, Grunstra Bernard27, Quinn Donald27, Claybrook Phillip27, Olds Shelby27, Dye Amy27, Cannon Kevin D.27, Chadwick Mesha M.27, Jordan Bailey27, Hussey Morgan27, Nevarez Hannah27, Kelley Colleen F.27, Chung Michael27, Moran Caitlin27, Rebolledo Paulina27, Bacher Christina27, Barranco-Santana Elizabeth27, Rodriguez Jessica27, Mendoza Rafael27, Ruperto Karen27, Olivieri Odette27, Ocaña Enrique27, Wylie Paul E.27, Henderson Renea27, Jenson Natasa27, Yang Fan27, Kelley Amy27, Finkelstein Kenneth27, Beckmann David27, Hutchins Tanya27, Garcia Escallon Sebastian27, Johnson Kristen27, Sligh Teresa S.27, Desai Parul27, Huynh Vincent27, Lopez Carlos27, Mendoza Erika27, Adelglass Jeffrey27, Naifeh Jerome G.27, Kucera Kristine J.27, Chughtai Waseem27, Jaffer Shireen H.27, Davis Matthew G.27, Foley Jennifer27, Burgett Michelle L.27, Shlotzhauer Tammi L.27, Ingalsbe-Geno Sarah M.27, Duncanson Daniel27, Kush Kelly27, Nesbitt Lori27, Sonnier Cora27, McCarter Jennifer27, Butcher Michael B.27, Fry James27, Percy Donna27, Freudemann Karen27, Gebhardt Bruce C.27, Mangu Padma N.27, Schroeck Debra B.27, Davit Rajesh K.27, Hennekes Gayle D.27, Luft Benjamin J.27, Carr Melissa27, Nachman Sharon27, Pellecchia Alison27, Smith Candace27, Valenti Bruno27, Bermudez Maria I.27, Peraita Noris27, Delgado Ernesto27, Arrazcaeta Alicia27, Ramirez Natalie27, Amador Carmen27, Marafioti Horacio27, Dang Lyly27, Clement Lauren27, Berry Jennifer27, Allaw Mohammed27, Geuss Georgettea27, Miles Chelsea27, Bittner Zachary27, Werne Melody27, Calinescu Cornell27, Rodman Shannon27, Rindt Joshua27, Cooksey Erin27, Harrison Kristina27, Cooper Deanna27, Horton Manisha27, Philyaw Amanda27, Jennings William27, Alvarado Hilario27, Baka Michele27, Regalado Malina27, Murray Linda27, Naguib Sherif27, Singletary Justin27, Richmond Sha-Wanda27, Omodele Sarah27, Oppenheim Emily27, Martinez Reuben27, Andriulis Victoria27, Singer Leonard27, Blevins Jeanne27, Thomas Meagan27, Hull Christine27, Pereira Isabel27, Rivero Gina27, Okonya Tracy27, Downing Frances27, Miller Paulina27, Rhee Margaret27, Stapleton Katherine27, Klein Jeffrey27, Hong Rosamond27, Swan Suzanne27, Wahlin Tami27, Bennett Elizabeth27, Salzl Amy27, Phan Sharine27, White Jewel J.27, Occhino Amanda27, Paiano Ruth27, McLaughlin Morgan27, Swieboda Elisa27, Garcia-Fragoso Veronica27, Becerra Maria G.27, White Toni27, Turley Christine B.27, McWilliams Andrew27, Esinhart Tiffany27, Montoya Natasha27, Huskey Shamika27, Paul Leena27, Tashima Karen27, Johnson Jennie27, Neill Marguerite27, Sanchez Martha27, Rybak Natasha27, Mileno Maria27, Cohen Stuart H.27, Ruiz Monica27, Boswell Dean M.27, Robison Elizabeth E.27, Reynolds Trina L.27, Neumeister Sonja27, Zorrilla Carmen D.27, Rivera Juana27, Ibarra Jessica27, García Iris27, Sierra Dianca27, Ramon Wanda27, Fiorillo Suzanne27, Pitotti Rebecca27, Anderson Victoria R.27, Castillo Mancilla Jose27, Le Nga27, Winokur Patricia L.27, Ince Dilek27, Hegmann Theresa27, Meier Jeffrey27, Stapleton Jack27, Stulken Laura27, McArthur Monica27, Berry Andrea27, Tapia Milagritos27, Hammershaimb Elizabeth27, Robinson Toni27, MacBryde Rosa27, Kline Susan27, Billings Joanne L.27, Cavert Winston27, Forgosh Les B.27, Schacker Timothy W.27, Bold Tyler D.27, Dandachi Dima27, Nelson Taylor27, Bran Andres27, Geiger Grant27, Naqvi S. Hasan27, Florescu Diana F.27, Starlin Richard27, Kline David27, Zimmer Andrea27, Abbas Anum27, Wilson Natasha27, Eron Joseph J.27, Sciaudone Michael27, Rosengren A. Lina27, Kizer John S.27, Rutstein Sarah E.27, Rodriguez Carina A.27, Bruce Elizabeth27, Espinosa Claudia27, Sanders Lisa J.27, Kim Kami27, Casey Denise27, Taylor Barbara S.27, Patterson Thomas27, Pinilla Ruth S.27, Bullock Delia27, Ponce Philip27, Patterson Jan27, McClelland R. Scott27, Lane Dakotah C.27, Wald Anna27, James Frank27, Duke Elizabeth27, Hauge Kirsten27, Heimonen Jessica27, Goecker Erin A.27, Huang Yunda27, Fong Youyi27, Kauffman Carol27, Linder Kathleen27, Nofz Kimberly27, McConnell Andrew27, Buynak Robert J.27, Webb Angella27, Petty Taryn27, Andree Stephanie27, Sanchez Erica27, Mackey Nolan27, Baudelaire Clarisse27, Dzigiel Sarah27, Marquez Adrienna27, Quillin Kim27, King Michelle27, Abad Vanessa27, Knowles Jennifer27, Waters Michael27, Zepeda Karla27, Coslet Jordan27, Tovar Dalia27, Shaw Marian E.27, Turner Mark A.27, Huffine Cory J.27, Huffine Esther S.27, Ake Julie A.27, Secord Elizabeth27, McGrath Eric27, Levy Phillip27, Stewart Brittany27, Cromer Charnell27, Walters Ayanna27, Ellsworth Grant27, Greene Caroline27, Galloway Sarah27, Kapadia Shashi27, DeHaan Elliot27, Wilson Clint27, Milligan Jason27, Raley Danielle27, Bocchini Joseph27, McClenathan Bruce27, Hussain Mary27, Lomasney Evelyn27, Hall Evelyn27, Lamberth Sherry27, Schmeck Christy27, Leathers Vickie27,
Affiliation:
1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 2. Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 3. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 6. Division of HIV, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 7. Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa 8. Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle 9. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle 10. Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 11. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 12. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 13. Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 14. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa 15. Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 16. Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 17. Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 18. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 19. Moderna, Cambridge, Massachusetts 20. AstraZeneca BioPharmaceuticals, Cambridge, United Kingdom 21. Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands 22. Novavax, Gaithersburg, Maryland 23. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 24. Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 25. Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 26. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle 27. for the COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN)
Abstract
ImportanceCurrent data identifying COVID-19 risk factors lack standardized outcomes and insufficiently control for confounders.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors associated with COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary cross-protocol analysis included 4 multicenter, international, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials with harmonized protocols established by the COVID-19 Prevention Network. Individual-level data from participants randomized to receive placebo within each trial were combined and analyzed. Enrollment began July 2020 and the last data cutoff was in July 2021. Participants included adults in stable health, at risk for SARS-CoV-2, and assigned to the placebo group within each vaccine trial. Data were analyzed from April 2022 to February 2023.ExposuresComorbid conditions, demographic factors, and SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk at the time of enrollment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCoprimary outcomes were COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. Multivariate Cox proportional regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for baseline covariates, accounting for trial, region, and calendar time. Secondary outcomes included severe COVID-19 among people with COVID-19, subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsA total of 57 692 participants (median [range] age, 51 [18-95] years; 11 720 participants [20.3%] aged ≥65 years; 31 058 participants [53.8%] assigned male at birth) were included. The analysis population included 3270 American Indian or Alaska Native participants (5.7%), 7849 Black or African American participants (13.6%), 17 678 Hispanic or Latino participants (30.6%), and 40 745 White participants (70.6%). Annualized incidence was 13.9% (95% CI, 13.3%-14.4%) for COVID-19 and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.2%) for severe COVID-19. Factors associated with increased rates of COVID-19 included workplace exposure (high vs low: aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.16-1.58]; medium vs low: aHR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.21-1.65]; P < .001) and living condition risk (very high vs low risk: aHR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.21-1.66]; medium vs low risk: aHR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.08-1.32]; P < .001). Factors associated with decreased rates of COVID-19 included previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (aHR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.09-0.19]; P < .001), age 65 years or older (aHR vs age <65 years, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.50-0.64]; P < .001) and Black or African American race (aHR vs White race, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.67-0.91]; P = .002). Factors associated with increased rates of severe COVID-19 included race (American Indian or Alaska Native vs White: aHR, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.85-3.69]; multiracial vs White: aHR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.50-3.20]; P < .001), diabetes (aHR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.14-2.08]; P = .005) and at least 2 comorbidities (aHR vs none, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.09-1.76]; P = .008). In analyses restricted to participants who contracted COVID-19, increased severe COVID-19 rates were associated with age 65 years or older (aHR vs <65 years, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.32-2.31]; P < .001), race (American Indian or Alaska Native vs White: aHR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.38-2.83]; Black or African American vs White: aHR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.03-2.14]; multiracial: aHR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.21-2.69]; overall P = .001), body mass index (aHR per 1-unit increase, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04]; P = .001), and diabetes (aHR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.37-2.49]; P < .001). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with decreased severe COVID-19 rates (aHR, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.14]; P < .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this secondary cross-protocol analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials, exposure and demographic factors had the strongest associations with outcomes; results could inform mitigation strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and viruses with comparable epidemiological characteristics.
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Cited by
13 articles.
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