Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement

Author:

Leta Tesfaye H.1234,Lie Stein Atle15,Fenstad Anne Marie1,Lygre Stein Håkon L.16,Lindberg-Larsen Martin78,Pedersen Alma B.79,W-Dahl Annette1011,Rolfson Ola1012,Bülow Erik1213,van Steenbergen Liza N.14,Nelissen Rob G. H. H.1415,Harries Dylan16,de Steiger Richard17,Lutro Olav18,Mäkelä Keijo1920,Venäläinen Mikko S.21,Willis Jinny22,Wyatt Michael22,Frampton Chris22,Grimberg Alexander23,Steinbrück Arnd23,Wu Yinan23,Armaroli Cristiana24,Gentilini Maria Adalgisa24,Picus Roberto25,Bonetti Mirko25,Dragosloveanu Serban262728,Vorovenci Andreea E.2629,Dragomirescu Dan2629,Dale Håvard130,Brand Christian3132,Christen Bernhard3133,Shapiro Joanne3435,Wilkinson J. Mark3436,Armstrong Richard3435,Wooster Kate3435,Hallan Geir130,Gjertsen Jan-Erik130,Chang Richard N.4,Prentice Heather A.4,Sedrakyan Art3,Paxton Elizabeth W.4,Furnes Ove130

Affiliation:

1. The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

2. Faculty of Health Science, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway

3. Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

4. Medical Device Surveillance and Assessment, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California

5. Center for Translational Oral Research, Department of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

6. Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

7. The Danish Knee Arthroplasty Register, Odense, Denmark

8. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

9. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

10. The Swedish Arthroplasty Register, Gothenburg, Sweden

11. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

12. Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

13. Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden

14. The Dutch Arthroplasty Register, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands

15. Department Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands

16. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

17. The Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, Australia

18. Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway

19. The Finnish Arthroplasty Register, Helsinki, Finland

20. Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland

21. Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

22. The New Zealand Joint Registry, Christchurch, New Zealand

23. German Arthroplasty Registry, Berlin, Germany

24. Arthroplasty Registry of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Clinical Epidemiology Service, Provincial Agency for Health Services of Trento, Trento, Italy

25. Arthroplasty Register of Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Observatory of Health, Health Department AP of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy

26. Romanian Arthroplasty Registry, Bucharest, Romania

27. University of Medicine and Pharmacy–Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania

28. Foisor Orthopaedic Hospital, Bucharest, Romania

29. Economic Cybernetics and Statistics Doctoral School, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

30. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

31. Swiss National Hip and Knee Joint Registry, Bern, Switzerland

32. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, SwissRDL, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

33. Articon, Bern, Switzerland

34. The National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, The Isle of Man and Guernsey, London, United Kingdom

35. NEC Software Solutions, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom

36. Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Abstract

ImportanceDespite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient.ObjectiveTo compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023.ExposurePrimary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 − Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes.ResultsAmong 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.

Publisher

American Medical Association (AMA)

Reference71 articles.

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