1. Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
2. Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
3. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
4. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
5. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
6. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute affiliated with Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
7. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
8. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
9. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
10. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fakultní Nemocnice Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Královéhradecký, Czech Republic
11. for the COMPASS Investigators