INFLUENCE OF COLOR OF GRAIN DOURA ON THEIR COLONIZATION BY PATHOGENIC MICROFLORA

Abstract

akes it possible to determine the infestation of plants and seeds with pathogens, as well as to save a high yield and improve the quality of grain, among other things. The aim of our research was to identify pathogenic microflora on sorghum seeds and determine the degree of their distribution. Place of research: Samara region. According to the phytopathological expertise of 2018-2020, it was found that the mold of grain sorghum seeds is caused by many types of mold fungi, but the most common were Cladosporium sp., Trichothecium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. To a lesser extent, fungi of the genus Aspergillus were found. Pathogenic fungi from the genus Alternaria were observed on the surface of 2.0% of sorghum seeds, Fusarium sp. - 2.0 %. Among the two varieties of grain sorghum, the most susceptible to infection with pathogens was a sample with a yellowish-white color of seeds compared to orange-red, respectively, 49.3 % and 33.5 % of seeds infected with pathogens. In our opinion, this difference in seed damage may be due to the absence of tannins in the yellowish-white grain and its presence in the orange-red grain, which corresponds to the data of many authors. The number of healthy seeds in the sample with yellowish-white grain color was 50.7% and 66.5% with orange-red. The variety with a yellowish-white seed color was more strongly affected by mold fungi from the genus Cladosporium sp., Trichothecium roseum, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp. - on average, about 40.3 %. The interaction of pathogens in the community of mycobiota of grain undoubtedly affects their vital activity, which ultimately affects the relationship with the host plant. The results obtained will make a significant contribution to local technologies, to the environmentally reasonable integrated protection of sorghum from pathogens.