1. From the Departments of Ophthalmology and the 2SUNY Eye Institute, University Hospital Medical Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York; and
2. the Hyman-Newman Institute for Neurosurgery, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; and the 4New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, New York.
3. Ecology and Evolution, and