1. School of Highway, Chang’an University, South Erhuan Middle Section, Xi’an, China
2. School of Highway, Chang’an University, South Erhuan Middle Section, Xi’an, China (Corresponding author), e-mail: longjiachu@chd.edu.cn, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3069-0853
3. Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore