1. Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Sta. CV, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada (Corresponding author), e-mail: robert.chapuis@polymtl.ca, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-9374
2. Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Sta. CV, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
3. Department of Earth and Infrastructure, BBA, 2200 Boul. Robert-Bourassa, Suite 300, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A5, Canada, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-7852
4. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, 938 Ximinzhu St., Changchun 130021, China