Assessment of barley varieties by the level of genotypic variability of quantitative traits

Abstract

The investigation of the genetic variability of barley varieties is particularly important in the context of a changing climate and the need to ensure agricultural productivity in the face of environmental challenges. The purpose of the study was to assess the tolerance of barley varieties to soil salinity in order to identify the most productive and adapted varieties. To achieve this goal, the salt tolerance of barley varieties was diagnosed and varieties that showed high resistance to salinity were identified. As a result of a study of 45 varieties of barley, it was found that 37 of them showed salt tolerance, but as they grew, some of them could not cope with salinization and stopped their development. Of these 37 varieties, 13 genotypes were selected, which had real salt tolerance and continued to grow and develop under stressful conditions, having the ability to give a satisfactory yield in comparison with the standard variety. These varieties are successfully used as testers in hybrid crosses and have a combination of useful characteristics, which makes them valuable for agricultural practice. The study also showed that different characteristics have different degrees of genetic variability. Thus, according to the data obtained, the number of grains in the ear and the weight of 1000 grains have high genetic variability, indicating the importance of genetic factors in their formation. These characteristics play a key role in the selection of plants to increase the yield and quality of grain. The results obtained are of practical importance for agricultural producers, as they can more accurately choose barley varieties that are most suitable for local conditions. This contributes to an increase in yield and product quality, which is important for ensuring food security and economic efficiency of agriculture