Assessment of Antibiotics Resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients Admitted in selected Hospitals in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp) that induce a dignified healthcare aggravation among hospital admitted patients. This results in prolonged hospital stays, which increase costs for healthcare providers and patients' families. Therefore, this   study aimed to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and evaluate its resistance patterns from patients admitted to selected hospitals in Kebbi State. A total of 185 clinical samples, including nasal intubation, urine catheters, and wound swabs, were obtained. The bacteria were isolated and identified following standard microbiological methods. Modified Kirby Bauer techniques was used to determine the susceptibility status of the isolates. Out of 185 clinical samples collected, 43 (23.2%) bacterial isolates yield positive and 13 (30.2%) of which were P. aeruginosa from the studied hospitals. Prevalence of P. aeruginosa was found to be higher among females 08 (61.5%). The age groups 6-11 years had the highest prevalence P. aeruginosa 07 (53.8%). P. aeruginosa was isolated most from wound swab samples, 07 (24.1%). The Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit high level resistance (100%) to Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Cefpodoxime, Cefepime, Cepotaxime and Meropenem and showed least resistant to Imepenem 05 (38.4%). The increasing resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to multiple antimicrobial agents that are currently considered as first- line agents for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, this highlights the need for careful use of these agents and also suggests the need for careful and up-to-date monitoring of multidrug- resistant strains diffusion in the various health care facilities  of the country. Treatment options should be guided by medical laboratory scientist via microscopy culture and sensitivity testing, as well as local epidemiological surveillance data.