Permittivity Measurements of High Conductivity Specimens using an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe—Measurement Limitations

Author:

Klein Katherine1

Affiliation:

1. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada

Abstract

Non-destructive electromagnetic wave-based techniques have been used for over a century to gain insight into the behaviour of geomaterials. The technique used in this study is a high frequency [Formula: see text] open-ended coaxial probe measurement system. This study highlights the importance of knowing the limitations of the measurement system. The specimens that are tested are aqueous solutions of NaCl, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] with conductivities ranging from approximately [Formula: see text]. Real permittivity data of the high conductivity specimens show a relaxation phenomena at MHz frequencies where none exists, indicating that electrode polarization is occurring. The frequency at which electrode polarization begins to manifest (e.g., limiting frequency) increases as the specimen conductivity increases. An empirical relationship between the limiting frequency and specimen conductivity is presented and is applied to three kaolinite-NaCl slurries. Additional problems associated with measuring high conductivity specimens using this equipment may arise since the model for the aperture admittance was optimized using low conductivity materials. Previous studies have shown that measurement errors at low frequencies are reduced if the system is calibrated using a material of similar electrical properties to the test specimen.

Publisher

Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society

Subject

Geophysics,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Environmental Engineering

Reference28 articles.

1. ASTM, 1997, Standard test method for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, Designation D4318-95a: 1997 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1997, 04.08, 522–532.

2. Bartley, P., 2003, personal communication.

3. An improved technique for permittivity measurements using a coaxial probe

4. Multimode solution for the reflection properties of an open-ended rectangular waveguide radiating into a dielectric half-space: the forward and inverse problems

5. An Equivalent Circuit of an Open-Ended Coaxial Line

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