Blood Glucose and Glycogen Levels as Indicators of Stress in the Freshwater Fish, <i>Cirrihinus mrigal</i> under Cyphenothrin Intoxication

Abstract

Pesticides are non-biodegradable substances used to control bugs, weeds, snails, and plant diseases. They are widely utilised in forestry, farming, and veterinary practices and are of incredible general well-being significance. Pesticides can be ordered by their utilisation into three significant sorts (in particular insect sprays, herbicides, and fungicides). Water defilement by these pesticides is known to prompt harmful effects on the creation, proliferation, and survivability of aquatic life forms, like green growth, amphibian plants, and fish (shellfish and finfish species). The information presented in this study is used to assess the negative effects of exposing fish species to pesticide concentrations. Pyrethroids are regularly utilised around the home and in agricultural production to control bugs. Human contact with at least one pyrethroid bug spray is reasonable. These synthetic substances cause serious harm to aquatic biological systems, particularly fish. The principle points and objective of the present investigation are to assess the effect of cyphenothrin on carbohydrate metabolism in the fish. Cirrihinus mrigal is a monetarily significant Indian major carp. A freshwater fish, Cirrihinus mrigal, was exposed to bug spray, i.e., cyphenothrin a manufactured pyrethroid. The LC50 for cyphenothrin at 96 hrs was 6 μg/L by probit analysis. One-fifth of LC50 (120 μg/L), was chosen as the sublethal focus. The fish were subjected to sub-lethal concentrations for 10, 20, 30 and 40 days, and the changes in starch digestion, for example, absolute glycogen, as well as the activities of catalysts Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) in critical organs, such as the gill, kidney, and liver, were studied.