Low-temperature relaxation of various samarium phosphate glasses

Abstract

Abstract Glasses constructed, (1 − x) (0.6595P2O5–0.0958ZnO–0.2447PbO) · xSm2O3 with x = 0.00, 0.0045, 0.0089, 0.0132, and 0.0261 mol%, had been created to investigate the attenuation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves at 2, 4, 6, and 14 MHz frequencies between 120 and 300 K. At a variety of temperatures, clear peaks of a large absorption curve have been seen. These peaks are dependent on the structure of the glass as well as the switching frequency. Maximum peaks have been shown to shift to higher temperatures, and the increase in overall frequency points to the presence of some kind of relaxation process. A thermally induced relaxation process is responsible for producing a calm approach, which has been identified as a result of this mechanism. A quiet approach has been defined as a consequence of a thermally triggered relaxation mechanism. The variance of the mean energy of activation of the mechanism counts on primarily the amount of Sm2O3 mol%. Such dependency has been evaluated based on the loss of normal linear solid form, attaining low dispersion, and a large allocation of Arrhenius kind relaxation through temperature-autonomous relaxation power. The measured acoustical energy of activation values have been quantifiably represented based on the number of loss centers (amount of oxygen atoms that now move at a double-well potential).