A CP/MAS 13C NMR investigation of cellulose ultrastructure in traditional Chinese handmade papers
Author:
Liu Peng12ORCID, Jin Chao2, Zhang Kai1, Xue Yu1, Gao Boxu3, Jia Yingshuai3, Yan Yueer2, Zhang Hongbin2ORCID, Wang Sinong2, Tang Yi3
Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences , Jinan 250353 , China 2. Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books, Fudan University Library, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China 3. Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
Abstract
Abstract
Cellulose-based handmade paper records a substantial amount of historical data and promotes human civilization. Due to the complexity of its structure and external factors, the deterioration of paper in the restoration of ancient books cannot be completely stopped. Nonetheless, the lack of microstructure analysis of handmade paper limits the understanding of its aging mechanism and storage life-span. Herein, CP/MAS 13C NMR method was used to estimate the cellulose types, crystallinity, average lateral fibril dimension (LFD), and the average lateral fibril aggregate dimension (LFAD), relying on integrated spectral fitting from C1, C4, and C6 regions, respectively. Consequently, cellulose I
β
crystals were predominant in all handmade paper samples. Based on the results of C4 and C6 regions by peak separation method, bast paper (Kaihua paper and Yingchun paper) demonstrated a higher crystallinity than bamboo paper (Yuanshu paper). Additional analysis of the C4 data revealed that bast papers exhibit larger cellulose microfibrils, and their LFDs and LFADs were greater than bamboo papers. Moreover, external stress of Wiley milling reduced the LFAD from the original 9 elementary fibrils to 4 elementary fibrils with unchanged LFDs.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
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