Polymer modulators in silicon photonics: review and projections
Author:
Taghavi Iman1ORCID, Moridsadat Maryam2, Tofini Alexander1, Raza Shaheer1, Jaeger Nicolas A. F.1, Chrostowski Lukas1, Shastri Bhavin J.2, Shekhar Sudip1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of British Columbia , 2332 Main Mall V6T 1Z4 , Vancouver , BC , Canada 2. Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy , Queen’s University , Stirling Hall, 64 Bader Lane K7L 3N6 , Kingston , ON , Canada
Abstract
Abstract
Optical modulators are vital for many applications, including telecommunication, data communication, optical computing, and microwave photonic links. A compact modulator with low voltage drive requirement, low power, high speed, and compatibility with CMOS foundry process is highly desirable. Current modulator technologies in Si suffer from trade-offs that constrain their power, performance (speed, drive voltage), and area. The introduction of additional materials to the silicon platform for efficient phase shift promises alternatives to relax those trade-offs. Si-organic-hybrid (SOH) devices demonstrate large modulation bandwidth leveraging the electro-optic (EO) effect and smaller drive voltage or footprint owing to a strong EO coefficient. In this study, we review various SOH modulators and describe their path towards integration to silicon, including their challenges associated with aging and temperature. We also briefly discuss other high-performance modulators such as plasmonic-organic-hybrid (POH), photonic-crystal-assisted SOH, and LiNbO3.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials,Biotechnology
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