Optimization of Concentrated Solar Power Systems with Thermal Storage for Enhanced Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness in Thermal Power Plants

Abstract

The study presents a comprehensive investigation of solar thermal systems with varying capacities and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) durations in the existing fossil fuel-run Thermal Power Plant at Ar’Ar, Saudi Arabia. The main objective is to assess the feasibility, economic viability, and environmental impact of these systems for sustainable power generation. In pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, parabolic trough systems with capacities ranging from 10 MW to 50 MW and TES durations from 0 to 8 hours were analyzed. The evaluation includes thermal and electrical assessments, field performance evaluations, and detailed cost analysis for each configuration. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) was utilized to identify the best TES for every Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systen with the 4 hr TES ranking first among all capacities. The research uncovers significant positive correlations between system capacity and thermal and electrical output. The 50 MW system exhibits the highest thermal output of 280.899 MW and electrical output of 180580 MW. Incorporating 4 hr TES emerges as a critical factor in enhancing system performance, optimizing the cost of electricity, and achieving a payback period within 12 years. Furthermore, the integration of solar thermal energy demonstrates substantial reductions in fossil fuel consumption. Across all capacities, the 4-hour TES system yields considerable fuel savings, ranging from 18.84 tons/hour for the 10 MW system to 96 tons/hour for the 50 MW system. These reductions correspondingly translate to considerable cost savings, with the 50 MW system reducing fuel costs by $5760. Moreover, the study highlights the crucial environmental benefits of solar thermal systems, leading to substantial CO2 emission reduction, with the 50 MW system achieving a reduction of 93452.8 kg/hour.