Influence of Placenta Cryoextract on the Liver Metabolic and Functional State in Case of D-Galactosamine Hepatitis

Abstract

Background. Viral hepatitis is one of the most common and dangerous diseases in the world and is the third most common infectious disease. The development of new, more effective and safer hepatoprotective drugs is an urgent task of biomedicine. A wide range of proven biological properties in cryoextract of human placenta, in particular the presence of antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory effects, suggests that it has a hepatoprotective effect. A model of D-galactosamine toxic hepatitis, which is similar to human viral hepatitis in terms of morphological and biochemical changes in the liver, was chosen for the study. Objective. We are aimed to study the effect of the therapeutic and preventive administration of cryopreserved placenta extract on the metabolic and functional state of the liver in the model of D-galactosamine hepatitis in rats. Methods. The study was conducted on 28 male rats weighing 200–220 g. Hepatitis was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of a 20% aqueous solution of D-galactosamine at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The cryoextract was administered in the treatment-prophylactic mode – 1 time per day for 3 days before the administration of D-galactosamine and another 2 days after the administration of the aminosugar (5 administrations in total). Results. The development of experimental D-galactosamine hepatitis in rats leads to the formation of functional and metabolic disorders in the form of the activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a violation of pigment metabolism, a decrease in the protein-synthesizing function and the development of cytolytic syndrome, which were indicated by an increase (p < 0.001) in the level of reactants with thiobarbituric acid in liver homogenates by 2.2 times, an increase (p < 0.001) in the level of total bilirubin by 2.5 times, a decrease (p < 0.001) in the albumin-globulin ratio by 46.8% and an increase (p < 0.001) in the level of alanine-aminotransferases by 2.2 times and the level of aspartate-aminotransferases by 70.3% compared to the values ​​of intact animals. Against the background of the administration of placenta cryoextract in experimental hepatitis, the level of reactants with thiobarbituric acid decreased (p < 0.001) by 43.8%, the level of alanine-aminotransferases decreased (p < 0.001) by 2.4 times, and the level of aspartate-aminotransferases decreased (p < 0.001) by 45.3%; the level of total protein increased (p < 0.01) by 17.4%, and the level of total bilirubin decreased (p < 0.001) by 53.5% compared to the indicators of untreated animals. Conclusions. Administration of cryopreserved placenta extract normalized metabolic processes in the liver and restored its functional state due to antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, which weakened the cytolytic syndrome caused by the administration of D-galactosamine and restored the protein-synthesizing function of the liver. In addition, administration of the specified cryoextract neutralized D-galactosamine-induced hyperbilirubinemia.