1. Costill, D. L., Maglischo, E. W. and Richardson, B. A. 1992.Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science in Swimming, 111–117. Boston: Black‐well Scientific Publications.
2. Counsilman, J. E., Counsilman, B. E., Nomura, T. and Endo, M. Three types of grab starts for competitive swimming. Swimming Science V ‐ 5th International Symposium of Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming. Champaign, IL. Edited by: Ungerechts, B. E., Wilke, K. and Reischle, K. pp.81–91. Human Kinetics Publishers.