1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff, Wales, UK
2. International Standardization Organization Heart Valve Standards Working Group
3. The Howard Gilman Institute for Heart Valve Diseases and the Schiavone Institute for Cardiac Translational Research, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn and New York , New York, USA
4. Medical Data Research Center, Providence Health and Services , Portland, Oregon, USA