1. Opera 4 vols. ed. by Carl Gebhardt. Heidelberg: Carl Winters 1925.
2. CM=Cogitata Metaphysica Ep.=Spinoza’s Letters KV=Korte Verhandeling van God de Mensch en deszelfs Welstand. Passages in Spinoza’s Ethics are referred to by EthicsPartTypeNumber (e.g. E1p12). Translations are by Curley if not noted otherwise.
3. Bayle, Pierre. 1740. Dictionaire historique et critique, par Mr Pierre Bayle. 5th edition. Amsterdam: P. Brunel et al. [cited by volume and page].
4. Bennett, Jonathan. 1984. A Study of Spinoza’s Ethics. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett.
5. Spinoza's metaphysics