1. Barker, Alex W. “Chiefdoms.” In R. Alexander Bentley et al., eds. Handbook of Archaeological Theories. Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press, 2009.
2. A Theory of the Origin of the State
3. Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca. L’Evoluzione Della Cultura. Trans. Shi Dou. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2018.
4. A Review of Research on the Origins of the State in the Chinese Academic Community in the Past Two Decades;Chang Huaiying.;Sichuan Cultural Relics,2016
5. Chang, Kwang-Chih. The Chinese Bronze Age. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 1983.