1. In the preliminary stage of writing, discussions with Penny Kanner, Frances Richardson Keller, and Philippa Levine were helpful. I am particularly grateful for the advice and suggestions made by Antoinette Burton and Barbara Ramusack. I also thank Florence Snyder for reading several versions of this paper
2. White C.Women's Magazine, 1693-1968Michael Joseph London 1970 44 For more information on the EDM, see Freeman S.Isabella and Sam: the story of Mrs BeetonConrad, McCann & Groghegan New York 1977 Hyde H. M.Mr. and Mrs. BeetonGeorge Harrap London 1951 Spain N.The Beeton StoryWard London 1956