1. a Center for Business and Economic Research, University of Tennessee , 804 Volunteer Boulevard, 105 Temple Court, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA E-mail:
2. b Department of Economics and Finance , Creighton University , 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA E-mail:
3. c Department of Economics and Finance , Salisbury University , 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, MD, 21801, USA E-mail:
4. d Department of Economics , Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University , PO Box 3992, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA E-mail: