1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, UK
2. U.O.C. MCAU, University Teaching Hospital ‘Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele’, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
3. Centre for the Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction (CPCT), Teaching Hospital “Policlinico - V. Emanuele”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
4. Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
6. Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
7. ECLAT Srl, Spin-off of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy
8. Institute of Internal Medicine, AOU “Policlinico - V. Emanuele – S. Marco”, Catania, Italy