1. Research Service, Research Specialist, Research Services, Haaga-Helia Ammattikorkeakoulu - Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
2. Lecturer in Tourism, Department of Marketing, Retail and Tourism, Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
3. Research Service, Professor in Marketing, Hanken School of Economics, Vasa, Finland
4. Research Service, Associate Professor, Director of Centre for Research and Innovation in Tourism, Head of Research for the Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management, Taylor’s University, Malaysia