1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
2. Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
3. School of Nursing, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
6. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
7. National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
8. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan