1. Stefanick, Tom. 1987.Strategic Antisubmarine Warfare and Naval Strategy, 72Lexington Books.
2. Polmar, Norman and Noot, Jurrien. 1991.Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 173Naval Institute Press. Finally, the influence of historical events, such as the U.S. forcing Soviet submarines to the surface during the 1963 Cuban Missile Crisis, on the thinking of Russian policy makers cannot be neglected. During the crisis, six Soviet diesel submarines were detected and forced to the surface by U.S. ASW forces.
3. Stefanick. 1987.Strategic Antisubmarine Warfare and Naval Strategy33 The Soviet SSBNs of the 1960s and 1970s (Golf, Hotel, Yankee classes) had two major drawbacks: they were noisy and they had short range SLBMs. The last reason was why these submarines had to transit long distances in the Atlantic and Pacific in order to patrol in the open ocean, close to U.S. territory, where the United States and its allies had well developed ASW capabilities. In those days, the Soviet SSBNs appear to have been relatively easy to detect and covertly trail. However, this situation began to change by the late 1970s or early 1980s, when Delta III, Typhoon and Delta IV classes submarines were commissioned. These relatively quiet submarines did not need to make long transits in the open ocean to their patrol areas because they are capable of targeting most of the United States from their home bases near Murmansk and Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky