1. School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
2. Biostatistics Center, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
3. Research Center for Medical and Health Data Science, Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
4. Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
5. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan