1. Proceedings of the Washington State Grange, 1890, reprinted in Harriet Ann Crawford, The Washington State Grange 1889–1924: A Romance of Democracy (Portland, Ore: Binsfords and Mort, 1940), 132.
2. The League also tried to gain a foothold in the province of Manitoba as well as several other U.S. states, but according to Morlan, some states had progressive governments who fended off the League's encroachment attempts by passing legislation which helped farmers. In Manitoba, political parties were entrenched and the conservative Grain Growers' Association had too much strength. (Robert L. Morlan, Political Prairie Fire [St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1985], 79, 123, 150, 277.)