1. On Hughes, reform and the press in New York, see Richard L. McCormick, From Realignment to Reform: Political Change in New York State, 1893–1910 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981), especially chs. 7–8.
2. Dorothy Thompson, New York Herald Tribune, 2 November 1938, reprinted in Howard Koch, The Panic Broadcast (New York: Avon Books, 1970), p. 92.