1. Department of Culinary Arts, Nanya Institute of Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
2. Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
3. Kinesiology Department, Canisius College, Baffalo, NY, USA
4. Graduate School of Tourism, Wakayama University, Wakayama City, Japan
5. Graduate School of Business, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea