Lymphocytes from B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients present differential regulation of the adenosinergic axis depending on risk stratification

Abstract

AbstractPurposeAlthough risk-stratified chemotherapy regimens improve B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) clinical outcome, relapse occurs in a significant number of cases. The identification of new therapeutic targets as well as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers can improve B-ALL patients' clinical outcomes. Purinergic signaling is an important pathway in cancer progression, however the expression of ectonucleotidases and their impact on immune cells in B-ALL lacks exploration. We aimed to analyze the expression of ectonucleotidases in B-ALL patients’ lymphocyte subpopulations.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from 15 patients diagnosed with B-ALL were analyzed. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cellularity, expression level of CD38, CD39, and CD73, and frequency of$${\mathrm{CD}38}^{+}{/\mathrm{CD}73}^{+}$$CD38+/CD73+, and$${\mathrm{CD}39}^{+}{/\mathrm{CD}73}^{+}$$CD39+/CD73+in lymphocyte subpopulations. Plasma was used for cytokines (by CBA kit) and adenine nucleosides/nucleotides detection (by HPLC).ResultsComparing B-ALL patients to health donors, we observed an increase of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells. In addition, a decrease in CD38 expression in B and Treg subpopulations and an increase in CD39+ CD73+  frequency in Breg and CD8+ T-cells. Analyzing cytokines and adenine nucleosides/nucleotides, we found a decrease in TNF, IL-1β, and ADO concentrations, together with an increase in AMP in B-ALL patients' plasma.ConclusionAs immunomodulators, the expression of ectonucleotidases might be associated with activation states, as well as the abundance of different cellular subsets. We observed a pro-tumor immunity expression profile in B-ALL patients at diagnosis, being associated with cell exhaustion and immune evasion in B-ALL.