Preoperative dental screening can reduce periprosthetic infections of hip and knee endoprostheses in the first month after surgery: results of a cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose The oral cavity and, in particular, potential oral foci might pose a risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this cohort study was to determine whether practical preoperative dental screening would reduce the prevalence of early PJI in the first month after surgery. Methods Patients attending a specialized endoprosthesis implantation clinic between 2018 and 2022 were recruited. Two groups were examined. The test group consisted of patients attending the clinic between 2020 and 2022 and who were referred to their family dentist using a standardized form. The comparison group consisted of patients who were treated in the clinic between 2018 and 2020. They were not referred to their family dentist. The two groups were compared for the prevalence of PJI. Univariate analysis followed by multiple logistic regression was performed to confirm risk factors for PJI in this cohort. Results 2560 individuals (test group: 1227, comparison group: 1333) were included. The prevalence of PJI was significantly lower in the test group (0.8% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.04). Multiple logistic regression with PJI as the dependent variable showed that a dental referral was a strong predictor of a lower prevalence of PJI (OR: 0.43, CI95 0.205–0.917, p = 0.03). Male gender was also strongly associated with a higher frequency of PJI (OR: 2.68, CI95 1.32–5.42, p = 0.01). Age (OR: 1.06, CI95 1.01–1.10, p = 0.01) and BMI (OR: 1.11, CI95 1.05–1.17, p < 0.01) had little effect on the risk of PJI. Conclusion Dental referral using a standardized form can reduce the prevalence of early PJI. Accordingly, orthopedists and dentists should collaborate in this practical way.