1. J.E. Lilienfield, U.S. patents 1,745,175 (filed 1926, issued 1930), 1,877,140 (filed 1928, issued 1932), and 1,900,018 (filed 1928, issued 1933 )
2. see for example: W. Shockley, “The path to the conception of the junction transistor”, IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. ED-23, no. 7, p. 597, July 1976
3. see for example: D. Kahng, “A historical perspective on the development of MOS transistors and related devices”, IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, Vol. ED-23, no. 7, p. 655, July 1976
4. R.R. Troutman, Latchup in CMOS Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1986
5. T.W. MacElwee, Ext. Abstracts of the Electrochem. Society Spring Meeting, Los Angeles, p. 280, 1989