Health-Related Social Control and Perceived Stress Among High-Risk Latina Mothers with Type 2 Diabetes and Their At-Risk Adult Daughters

Abstract

Abstract Background Diabetes-related multi-morbidity and cultural factors place Latinas with diabetes at increased risk for stress, which can threaten illness management. Families provide an ideal focus for interventions that seek to strengthen interpersonal resources for illness management and, in the process, to reduce stress. The current study sought to examine whether participating in a dyadic intervention was associated with reduced perceived stress and, furthermore, whether this association was mediated by persuasion and pressure, two forms of health-related social control. Method Latina mothers with diabetes and their at-risk adult daughters participated in either (1) a dyadic intervention that encouraged constructive collaboration to improve health behaviors and reduce stress, or (2) a usual-care minimal control condition. Actor-partner interdependence model analysis was used to estimate the effect of the intervention on dyads’ perceived stress, and mother-daughter ratings of health-related social control as potential mediators. Results Results revealed that participating in the intervention was associated with significantly reduced perceived stress for daughters, but not for mothers (β =  − 3.00, p = 0.02; β =  − 0.57, p = 0.67, respectively). Analyses also indicated that the association between the intervention and perceived stress was mediated by persuasion, such that mothers’ who experienced more health-related persuasion exhibited significantly less post-intervention perceived stress (indirect effect =  − 1.52, 95% CI = [− 3.12, − 0.39]). Pressure exerted by others, however, did not evidence a mediating mechanism for either mothers or daughters. Conclusion These findings buttress existing research suggesting that persuasion, or others’ attempts to increase participants’ healthy behaviors in an uncritical way, may be a driving force in reducing perceived stress levels.