1. George Kennan, Memoirs, Vol. I, p. 484; Vol. II, pp. 338-9; Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, pp. 292-4; Thomas K. Finletter, Power and Policy, pp. 118-19; Heller, pp. 13-14, 100; Allen S. Whiting, China Crosses the Yalu, pp. 22, 45, 53-4, 57-8, 80-1, 84-6; FRUS, 1950, Vol. VII, p. 901 n. 3; 1951, Vol. VII, p. 1549; Scalapino and Lee, p. 401; Simmons, pp. 118,121; K. M. Pannikar, In Two Chinas, pp. 103,105-7, 115; Rusk, p. 165; Charles W. Yost, The Conduct and Misconduct of Foreign Affairs (New York: Random House, 1972), p. 57; Nitze, pp. 99, 101; Chester Ronning, ‘Canada and the United Nations’, p. 39; Xiuquan, Eight Years in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, p. 45; conversations with Lord Gladwyn, 12 Dec. 1990, and Lord Franks, 3 Jan. 1991. See also the contributions by Sir Anthony Farrar-Hockley, Hak-Joon Kim, and Gye-Dong Kim in The Korean War in History, ed. by James Cotton and Ian Neary, esp. pp. 4-5, 27-9, 34-8, 44.
2. Khrushchev Remembers, trans. Strobe Talbot (London: Sphere, 1971), pp. 332-3; Paige, p. 81; Heller, p. 11; see also SCOR, 6th year, Supplement for April to June 1951, pp. 88-92,129-33, S/2112, S/2167; FRUS, 1950, Vol. VII, pp. 125-6, 136.
3. SCOR, 5th year, 473rd meeting (25 June 1950), pp. 1-3; S.D. Bailey, The Korean Crisis, p. 25, Appendix 8; Documents and Materials exposing the instigators of the civil war in Korea (Pyongyang: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1950), pp. 107-36. See also FRUS, 1950, Vol. VII, pp. 229, 360.
4. Allison, p. 129; J. Lawton Collins, War in Peacetime, pp. 42-3, 76-7; Rusk, p. 161; Nitze, p. 101; FRUS, 1950, Vol. VII, p. 237.
5. FRUS, 1950, Vol. VII, pp. 126-8, 130-1, 157-455; Truman, pp. 331-6; Acheson, pp. 402-7; Rusk, p. 162; Heller, pp. 18-19; Kennan, Vol. 1, p. 490; Vol. II, p. 23; The United States and the Korean Problem, p. 36; Military Situation in the Far East, pp. 1112, 3192 para, (a); Allison, pp. 132, 137; Robert J. Donovan, Tumultuous Years, pp. 192-3, 197-9, 215-18, 255; Paige, pp. 92-6, 99-108, 113-16, 124-43, 161-82, 245-7, 250-1, 253-7; Whiting, p. 81; Courtney Whitney, MacArthur, pp. 323-4, 333, 337, 448; John W. Spanier, The Truman-MacArthur Controversy and the Korean War, p. 190; Pannikar, p. 117; conversation with Lord Franks, 3 Jan. 1991.