1. ‘“This— doesn’t it? — bears such a relation to that; this kind of thing — don’t you find it so? — wears better than that”, etc.’ F.R. Leavis, ‘Criticism and Philosophy’, The Common Pursuit (London, 1965), p. 215.
2. T.S. Eliot, ‘The Function of Criticism’, Selected Essays (London, 1958), pp. 32–3.
3. Roland Barthes, ‘What is Criticism?’ Critical Essays (1964, English trans. Richard Howard, Evanston, IL, 1972 ), p. 257.
4. For the origins of the first, see Cultural Traditions in Northern Ireland (ed. Maurna Crozier; Belfast, 1989); for those of the second, see Ireland’s Field Day (afterword by Denis Donoghue; London, 1985).
5. See Seamus Deane, Celtic Revivals (London, 1985), pp. 18–27