1. See, for example, G. Pavlovsky, Agricultural Russia on the Eve of the Revolution (London, 1930), pp. 81–8, and M. Confino, Systèmes agraires et progrès agricole: l’assolement triennal en Russie au XVIII-XIX siècles (Paris, 1969).
2. A. Gerschenkron, ‘Agrarian policies and industrialization: Russia, 1861–1917’, in CambridgeEconomicHistory ofEurope, vol. VI (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 751–5, 762–84; and G. T. Robinson, RuralRussia under theOldRegime (London, 1932), chapters V-VII, IX.
3. W. C. Edgar, ‘Russia’s land system: The cause of the famine’, The Forum, 13 (March-August 1892), pp. 575–7.
4. R. G. Robbins, Famine in Russia, 1891–1892 (New York, 1975), pp. 4, 6, 10.
5. Ibid., pp. 170–1.