1. As an example of the former, consider Max Weber’s explanation of the rise of capitalism in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1930). As an example of the latter, many types of structural functionalist theory.
2. On this see John Whittaker, ‘Models of Social Space: a Study of a Statistical Coup’, Sociology, 16 (1982), pp. 43–66.
3. There are naturally exceptions to this rule. See P. K. Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge (New Left Books, London, 1975).
4. Peter Winch, The Idea of a Social Science (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1958) p. 43.
5. I. C. Jarvie, Concepts and Society (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1972) p. 144.