Evaluation of waist-to-calf ratio as a diagnostic tool for sarcopenic obesity: a cross-sectional study from a geriatric outpatient clinic

Abstract

Abstract Background Proponents argue that a high waist-to-calf ratio (WCR) may indicate an imbalance between muscle and fat in the body, making it a potential predictor for sarcopenic obesity (SO). The WCR is a new index incorporating both measurements, providing a reliable approach for assessing the imbalance between abdominal fat and leg muscle mass. The present study aimed to examine the association of WCR with SO and reveal the predictive effect of SO in community-dwelling older adults. Methods The study population was composed of 234 geriatric outpatients with obesity. WCR was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (in cm) by the calf circumference (in cm). SO was defined according to the ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement. Results The mean age was 72.7 ± 5.8 years, and 78.7% (n = 175) were female. Eighty-one patients (34.6%) were considered as sarcopenic obese. The WCR was 3.04 [Interquartile range (IQR), 2.88–3.32] in the sarcopenic obese group, and in the nonsarcopenic obese group, it was 2.82 [IQR, 2.7–3.0] (p < 0.001). Independent of age, sex, nutritional and frailty status WCR was associated with SO (OR 12.7, 95% CI 4.0–40.1 and p < 0.001). The cut-off value of WCR for SO was calculated as 2.94 with 72.8% sensitivity and 67.3% specificity (Area Under Curve: 0.72 and Positive likelihood ratio: 2.23, p < 0.001). Conclusions WCR, a simple and accessible method, indicates promise as a possible and potential diagnostic tool for SO in community-dwelling older adults.