1. Adelaide Advertiser. 2004. Four WWI veterans left as digger, 105, dies. 23 August.
2. Australian Imperial Force. 1919.Australian Imperial Force: Statistics of Casualties, etc. Compiled to 30th June. 1919. London: British Army Records Section.
3. Bean, C.E.W. 1981.The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press.
4. Benjamin, B. and H.W. Haycocks. 1970.The Analysis of Mortality and Other Actuarial Statistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
5. Butler, A.G. 1930.The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. 1; Vol. 2, 1940; Vol. 3, 1943. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.