Enhancement of oil forensic methodology through the addition of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle biomarkers for diagnostic ratios
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Published:2023-02-20
Issue:3
Volume:195
Page:
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ISSN:0167-6369
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Container-title:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Environ Monit Assess
Author:
McCallum Paige,Filewood Taylor,Sawitsky Julia,Kwok Honoria,Brunswick Pamela,Yan Jeffrey,Chibwe Leah,Tikkisetty Krishnaja,Shang Dayue
Abstract
AbstractCurrent oil spill forensic identification of source oils relies upon hydrocarbon biomarkers resistant to weathering. This international technique was developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under EN 15522–2 Oil Spill Identification guidelines. The number of biomarkers have expanded at pace with technological advances, while distinguishing new biomarkers becomes more challenging due to interference of isobaric compounds, matrix effects, and high cost of weathering experiments. Application of high-resolution mass spectrometry enabled exploration of potential polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH) oil biomarkers. The instrumentation showed reduction in isobaric and matrix interferences, allowing for identification of low-level PANH and alkylated PANHs (APANHs). Weathered oil samples, obtained from a marine microcosm weathering experiment, enabled comparison with source oils to identify new, stable forensic biomarkers. This study highlighted eight new APANH diagnostic ratios that expanded the biomarker suite, increasing the confidence for identifying highly weathered oils back to their source oil.
Funder
Environment & Climate Change Canada
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Pollution,General Environmental Science,General Medicine
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