Renin-angiotensin inhibitors reduce thrombotic complications in Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera patients with arterial hypertension

Abstract

AbstractEssential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Polycythemia Vera (PV) are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) characterized by thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, leading to a high risk of disability and mortality. Although arterial hypertension was found to be the most significant modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor in the general population, little is known about its role in MPNs as well as a possible role of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) in comparison with other anti-hypertensive treatments. We investigated a large cohort of 404 MPN adult patients, 133 diagnosed with PV and 271 with ET. Over half of the patients (53.7%) reported hypertension at MPN diagnosis. The 15-year cumulative incidence of thrombotic-adverse events (TAEs) was significantly higher in patients with hypertension (66.8 ± 10.3% vs 38.5 ± 8.4%; HR = 1.83; 95%CI 1.08–3.1). Multivariate analysis showed that PV diagnosis and hypertension were independently associated with a higher risk of developing TAEs (HR = 3.5; 95%CI 1.928–6.451, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.8; 95%CI 0.983–3.550, p = 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the diagnosis of PV confirmed a significant predictive role in developing TAEs (HR = 4.4; 95%CI 1.92–10.09, p < 0.01), also considering only MPN patients with hypertension. In addition, we found that the use of RASi showed a protective effect from TAEs both in the whole cohort of MPN with hypertension (HR = 0.46; 95%CI 0.21–0.98, p = 0.04) and in the subgroup of thrombotic high-risk score patients (HR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.24–1.01, p = 0.04). In particular, patients with ET and a high risk of thrombosis seem to benefit most from RASi treatment (HR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.07–1.01, p = 0.03). Hypertension in MPN patients represents a significant risk factor for TAEs and should be adequately treated.