Fifty years of subnuclear physics: from past to future and the ELN project-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Fifty years of subnuclear physics: from past to future and the ELN project

Published:1998-12 Issue:12 Volume:21 Page:1-98
ISSN:1826-9850
Container-title:La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento
language:en
Short-container-title:Riv. Nuovo Cim.

Author:

Zichichi A.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

Link

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02872058.pdf

Reference200 articles.

1. Lamb W. E. andRetherford R. C.,Fine Structure of the Hydrogen Atom by a Microwave Method,Phys. Rev.,72 (1947) 241.

2. Lattes C. M. G., Muirhead H., Occhialini G. P. S. andPowell C. F.,Processes Involving Charged Mesons,Nature,159 (1947) 694;Lattes C. M. G., Occhialini G. P. S. andPowell C. F.,Observations on the Tracks of Slow Mesons in Photographic Emulsions, Nature,160 (1947) 454.

3. Rochester G. D. andButler C. C.,Evidence for the Existence of New Unstable Elementary Particles,Nature,160 (1947) 855.

4. The first “radiative” effects (experimentally) discovered are the Lamb-shift and the “anomalous” magnetic moment of the electron. They are examples of two distinct phenomena. One (the Lamb-shift) can be almost fully (95%) accounted for by a non-relativistic calculation (as done byH. A. Bethe who found 1040 MHz:The Electromagnetic Shift of Energy Levels, Phys. Rev.,72 (1947) 339), while the other (the “anomalous” magnetic moment) cannot. The fact that the gyromagnetic ratio of the electron is predicted by the Dirac equation to beg = 2 cannot be accounted for by any non-relativistic description. The magnetic behaviour of an electron in a magnetic field corresponds to the effect caused by the emission and reabsorption of virtual photons on its magnetic moment. The “anomalous” magnetic moment of the electron,i.e. itsg value being different from 2, needs a relativistic description of the virtual electromagnetic processes. This was done by J. Schwinger a few months after the experimental discovery of the Lamb-shift:Phys. Rev.,73 (1948) 416. In this paper the “anomalous” magnetic moment of the electron was theoretically found to be the by now famous (α/2π). Furthermore, while the Lamb-shift affects only the hydrogen atom, the deviation from QED of an intrinsic property such as the “magnetic” moment of an elementary particle (the electron) is expected to affect other particles as well. In fact—when the muon came in—the “anomalous” magnetic moment of this unexpected particle was considered the crucial check in order to verify its intrinsic properties (see subsect. 2.2.2).

5. Maiani L. andZichichi A.,Dal Gran Sasso al Supermondo, INFN/AE-98/19, July 1998.

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