Peptide-coating combating antimicrobial contaminations: a review of covalent immobilization strategies for industrial applications

Abstract

AbstractMany corrosion problems are caused by the presence of microorganisms, so-called microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A major representative of MIC-causing bacteria includes the group of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which accumulate in biofilms on the surface. Removal of biofilm inhabiting bacteria is much more complex compared to planktonic cell removal, in particular, based on the formation of an extracellular polymeric substance matrix (EPS layer). Current control strategies mainly involve the use of biocides. The development of resistance is a major problem caused by the limited number of suitable biocides and their frequent use. A consequence is a requirement of even elevated concentrations, which in worst-case scenarios results in a complete loss of efficacy. Recently, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) especially in the field of medical devices has been distinguished, including the coating of implants with AMPs for retarding or even completely preventing biofilm formation. Transferring AMPs to technical applications as MIC controlling agents offers high potential, therefore. However, based on open circuits, e.g. MIC on ship trunks or in wastewater pipes, immobilization of AMPs on surfaces is quite important, while keeping the AMPs active. This article presents various immobilization strategies established for this purpose, with a special focus on covalent AMP immobilization on metal surfaces. Graphical abstract