Abstract
AbstractRecent developments in the field of genetics have accelerated our understanding of the aetiology of complex diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are no exception, with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitating exploration of the underlying pathology. Here, we discuss how genetics studies can be used to investigate the relationship between these complex diseases. Observational epidemiological studies consistently report that people with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of several types of cancer. Indeed, type 2 diabetes and cancer share many common risk factors, such as obesity, ageing, poor diet and low levels of physical activity. However, questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms that link these two diseases. Large-scale GWAS of type 2 diabetes and cancer allow us to consider the evidence for shared genetic architecture. Several shared susceptibility genes have been identified, yet tissue specificity and direction of effect must be taken into account when considering common genetic aetiology. We also consider how GWAS, and associated techniques such as Mendelian randomisation, allow us to dissect the link between the two diseases and address questions such as ‘Does type 2 diabetes cause cancer or is the increased risk observed driven by higher adiposity or another associated metabolic feature?’
Funder
Diabetes UK
Cancer Research UK
World Cancer Research Fund
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine
Reference108 articles.
1. Diabetes UK (2019) Number of people with diabetes reaches 4.7 million. Available from www.diabetes.org.uk/about_us/news/new-stats-people-living-with-diabetes. Accessed 23 Jun 2020
2. Giovannucci E, Harlan DM, Archer MC et al (2010) Diabetes and cancer: a consensus report. Diabetes Care 33(7):1674–1685. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0666
3. Barroso I, McCarthy MI (2019) The genetic basis of metabolic disease. Cell 177(1):146–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.024
4. Sud A, Kinnersley B, Houlston RS (2017) Genome-wide association studies of cancer: current insights and future perspectives. Nat Rev Cancer 17(11):692–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.82
5. Johnson JA, Carstensen B, Witte D, Bowker SL, Lipscombe L, Renehan AG (2012) Diabetes and cancer (1): evaluating the temporal relationship between type 2 diabetes and cancer incidence. Diabetologia 55(6):1607–1618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2525-1
Cited by
27 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献